Nowadays, Computers Can Translate All Kinds of Languages free essay sample

Title: Nowadays, PCs can interpret a wide range of dialects. Should individuals learn dialects other than their first language? Language, as an essential expertise which draws a distinctive line among human and other creature, is viewed as one of the most significant social manifestations. There are a few people who can communicate in three or four dialects easily, while others battle with their second. Notwithstanding, language learning may appear to be less vital because of the advancement of science and technology.Hence, the discussions on the need of learning unknown dialects never stops. As I would like to think, I unequivocally rally behind contemplating dialects other than ones first language. Some figure that investing energy in language learning isn't basic as we can decipher effectively with a tick of the mouse. For example, Google interpretation empower us to get a passage of interpretation in a small amount of second; Electronic word references are so light and modest that we can convey it all over. We will compose a custom article test on These days, Computers Can Translate All Kinds of Languages or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page With the comfort that the cutting-edged innovation has brought us, it is claimed that investing energy and inconvenience learning other language is totally an exercise in futility. Be that as it may, I don't yield that it is an exercise in futility. In spite of the fact that contemplating another dialect can be a tedious task, it ought to be esteemed as a fundamental capacity. To begin, language learning is an unavoidable way to a colorful culture. For example, perusing the first form of Dream of the Red Chamber and the English interpretation is a universe of difference.The previous is loaded with cadenced and exquisite sonnets while the last is dull and commonplace. Subsequently, language learning causes you to converge into the way of life. By and large, language impacts human outlooks. This may clarify why Chinese kindness organization while American like it obtuse. The way that things show up in their mind when they believe is extraordinarily impacted by the linguistic structure of the various dialects. In Chinese language, the techniques for achieving something are almost consistently advanced before the outcomes, while American and British individuals want to declare the outcome before how they did it.Hence, it is really conceivable to develop ones character by learning unknown dialects. It changes the request for thoughts crossing ones psyche, in this manner, the individual needs will change step by step in secret. Quitting any pretense of learning another dialect is practically equal to denying the opportunity of encouraging outside companionship. The motivation behind why I found the adversaries feeling intolerant and crazy is that they expect that machine interpretation can supplant language study efficiently.Even Google interpretation is loaded with defects and syntactic missteps. In this way, the main way empowers individuals to impart is communicating in a language that them two know. It is difficult to envision how individuals speak with simply electronic interpreters. Also, a great deal of notable cross-broder romantic tales can't exist without language learning. From John Lennon and Yoko Ono to Mark Zuckerburg and his significant other of Chinese plummet, clearly these connections would not must began if no discussion is made.Moreover, one can never live in an outside nation without knowing the slightest bit about its language. Aside from shopping and mingling, it is dangerous on the off chance that you accelerate towards school since you thought school zone asHighway! Along these lines, to finish up, language learning isn't just significant for globalization, yet additionally for all part of life. We can possibly quit learning language when the enchantment pill which can decipher dialects immediately and precisely, is created. All things considered, it will be an incredible loss of mankind.

Native American Cultural Assimilation Free Essays

Local American Cultural Assimilation from the Colonial Period to the Progressive October 2, 2011 Introduction Although the main European pioneers in America couldn't have made due without their help, it was not some time before the Native Americans were seen as a difficult populace. They were an impediment to the development plans of the frontier government and the equivalent to the recently framed United States. The Native Americans were managed in different manners. We will compose a custom exposition test on Local American Cultural Assimilation or then again any comparable subject just for you Request Now During extension some were out and out eradicated through war while others persuasively made to migrate to lands considered not exactly perfect. The thought was to cause them to disappear †out of the picture and therefore irrelevant. In spite of the fact that their numbers as far as populace and ancestral gatherings dwindled, they endured and kept on being an issue according to the government. In the last piece of the nineteenth century the United States government founded another approach to take up arms against the Native Americans. This included acclimatizing their youngsters through government-run boarding and day schools. Government arrangement producers were certain that by giving the Native American youngsters an American-style training, they would inevitably develop into â€Å"Americans† and come back to their reservations, yet neglecting their past culture, conventions and perspective. The national government accepted that as the matured ceased to exist and, with the kids acclimatized, inside a couple of ages all things considered, there would be no requirement for reservations or Indian strategy, along these lines achieving the first objective of causing them to evaporate. There is little uncertainty that osmosis through instruction flopped on practically all fronts, yet through my exploration I would like to reveal a few positives for the Native American youngsters, particularly those influenced by late nineteenth century Indian strategy which expelled them from their families and, now and again, sent them into an outsider world many miles away. Since the commencement of, particularly, European colonialism, â€Å"the connections between indigenous people groups and colonizers as a rule continue through a progression of stages. As a rule, the main stage included the foundation of settlements which implied the disturbance of Native social orders and typically the removal of individuals. Much of the time, there was some level of viciousness and if complete mastery was not quick, arrangements were drawn up by â€Å"resetting regional limits so as to keep up a level of request. † Because asset and land securing was the primary objective of the colo nizers in any case, settlements only sometimes kept going and brutality proceeded. By and large, the following stage in expansionism to decrease viciousness and reestablish request was to attempt digestion. Osmosis could mean transforming the indigenous populace into a work power or maybe a minimized gathering of ‘others’ who talk the colonizers language†¦Ã¢â‚¬ [1] As frontier extension continued developing in North America, absorption was endeavored on a few levels. Endeavors were made at through and through Native American expulsion from their properties and, when that didn't work, religion was likely the most boundless â€Å"weapon† of the colonizers to repress the Natives. Clerics, Catholic and Protestant, (generally upheld by an equipped power) were as a general rule fruitless in their endeavors to constrain human advancement on the Natives. 2] Assimilation by this implies was additionally muddled as a result of contending religions. Locals who grasped Catholicism offered by French or Spanish colonizers further separated themselves from British colonizers and the other way around. European wars of the seventeenth and eighteenth hundreds of years among Catholic and Protestant forces persisted into the North American settlements and the Native Americans were arranged in a hopeless scenario. Because of triumphs in these wars, not exclusively did 1. Holm, Tom. The Great Confusion in Indian Affairs. pp. 1-2. 2. Findling and Thackeray, eds. Occasions that Changed America in the Seventeenth Century. p. 72. the British disdain Native Americans who battled against them in the wars, they crawled further into A native American area until their destruction in the American Revolution. [3] Now, what had been pioneer extension in America transformed into national development of the recently made United States. As the eighteenth-century found some conclusion and the significant players in extension had changed, approach toward Native Americans stayed basically a similar it had been under the British. Right off the bat in the nineteenth-century and the Louisiana Purchase in hand,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ (Thomas) Jefferson, much as he battled with the issue (Indian approach), could essentially not imagine a future for the United States that incorporated a spot for ‘Indians as Indians. ’ As president, Jefferson attempted to structure an Indian arrangement that would accommodatingly acclimatize Native Americans into the new republic, however his vision of national development turned out not to have any space for Native Americans. [4] Those who won't or opposed osmosis would be coercively pushed westbound to lands esteemed unfit for anything by most Americans. [5] As extension expanded further West, the Native Americans confronted another unobtrusive weapon notwithstanding religion from the legislature in its endeavor to quell them †American-style instruction. Long periods of viciousness, constrained expulsion to Indian Territory and constrained strict inculcation had neglecte d to unravel what the government alluded to as â€Å"the Indian issue. [6] the Native Americans might not have thrived in their new land, however they endure and would not leave. Thus, American strategy moved from attempting to vanquish the Indians to attempting to cause them to evaporate. Beginning as an investigation in the mid nineteenth-century and proceeding until it got 3. Hightower-Langston, Donna. Local American World. p. 365. 4. Conn, Steven. History’s Shadow. p. 3. 5. Army, Tim Alan. The Legal Ideology of Removal. p. 7. 6. Ninkovich, Frank. Worldwide Dawn. p. 185. olicy in the last quarter of the century, new Indian arrangement is smother Native American societies through an American-style training of the youthful. The reasoning was, teach the Native American youngsters to American culture to absorb them and, until further notice, battle with the grown-ups on reservations. The thought behind this was, after a couple of ages, the grown-ups would cease to exist and t he new ages of American instructed, absorbed â€Å"citizens† would endure, yet not their old societies and lifestyles. The equalization of this paper will concentrate on the digestion through training arrangement. â€Å"In 1794 the country made its first Indian arrangement explicitly referencing training, and a lot more settlements would contain comparative offers and even requests for necessary tutoring of ancestral kids. In 1819 Congress gave a particular ‘civilization fund’ of $10,000 for the ‘uplift’ of Indians, and the assimilationist crusade kept on utilizing enactment, bargain making (until 1871), and different catalysts to accomplish its objectives. At first the United States government through its office/Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), relied on Christian evangelist social orders, however by the later nineteenth century the legislature overwhelmed the instructive exertion, having set up a free arrangement of multi day schools, on-reservation life experience schools, and off-reservation all inclusive schools, BIA and preacher schools together to Christianize, ‘civilize’, and Americanize Indian youngsters: the unbendingly ethnocentric educational plan meant to strip them of inborn societies, dialects, and otherworldly ideas and transform them into ‘cultural brokers’ who might convey the new request back to their own people groups. †[7] 7. Coleman, Michael C. Native Americans, the Irish, and Government Schooling. pp. 1-2. Targeting Native American kids for ’civilization training’ really started in the seventeenth-century in New England where Native youngsters were isolated from their families and arranged in â€Å"praying towns. † Christian instruction was focused on the kids â€Å"because they (the pioneers) accepted (Native American) grown-ups were excessively stuck in a rut to become Christianized. †[8] From this early endeavor at osmosis through instruction, Native American training formed into genuinely formal on-reservation schools run by places of worship and preacher social orders, with constrained subsidizing by Congress. These schools were made conceivable after such activities as the Indian Removal Act which packed Native Americans in Indian domains and under fairly more control of the government. These generally denominational schools offered the main American-style, restricted as it seemed to be, training until after the American Civil War. â€Å"†¦ after the contention (Civil War) the country built up the Peace Policy, a methodology that gave schools a recharged unmistakable quality. The massacre of the war urged reformers to discover better approaches to manage Native countries other than fighting. †[9] Under this harmony, the central government was to give the important financing to â€Å"schools, chairmen, and instructors. †[10] There was some financing for the strategy by Congress, however not almost enough. With restricted financing, day schools were set up on reservations. One-room schools were where â€Å"government authorities empowered an educational program of scholarly and professional subjects, and once in a while the Office of Indian Affairs paid a booking woodworker, rancher, or smithy to offer courses. †[11] 8. Keller, Ruether, eds. Reference book of Women and Religion in North America. pp. 97-8. 9. Trafzer, Keller and Sisquoc, eds. Life experience School Blues. p. 11. 10. in the same place. p. 11. 11. in the same place. p. 12. About a similar time these one-room schools were being set up

Happy Thanksgiving! - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

Happy Thanksgiving! - UGA Undergraduate Admissions Happy Thanksgiving! The University of Georgia will be on Thanksgiving break until next Monday, so since we will be out of contact with everyone, my suggestion is to forget about admissions during the break and concentrate on the important things in your life for which you are thankful; Family, friends, time together, and of course turkey. And remember, when Saturday rolls around, cheer for the Bulldogs to beat the Yellow Jackets! My father, brother and two uncles are all Tech graduates, so life will be a lot better for me if we are able to pull out a win. Go Dawgs, and have a great Thanksgiving!

Descartes, Hume and Skepticism Essay - 735 Words

Descartes, Hume and Skepticism Descartes is responsible for the skepticism that has been labeled Cartesian doubt. Hume critiques this skepticism in his Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding. After his discussion of Cartesian doubt, he offers a different type of skepticism that he considers as being more effective philosophically. Is Hume right in his characterization of Cartesian doubt and is the skepticism he offers better? Descartes introduced the idea of universal doubt to philosophy. If there is even a slight case for doubting something, then it should be doubted. His skepticism was used to find a basis for knowledge and his aim was to establish truths. He relayed this universal doubt to all human understanding. Not only does it†¦show more content†¦Cartesian doubt does not allow us to advance. We would be in a constant state of doubting. How would one lay a foundation of truths if it is possible to doubt all? No reasoning could ever bring us to a state of assurance and conviction upon any subject (Hume Section XII part 1). Hume does give some credit to this method of skepticism. It can be useful in philosophy when used reasonably. A degree of doubt should escort every person who reasons. This doubt gets rid of prejudices in judgments and helps rid closed-mindedness brought about by education. It allows philosophy to be brought down to basic principles and gives a foundation to slowly build upon. This slow progress allows a review of thoughts and establishes sure steps to truths. Humes skepticism is limiting but not as limiting as Cartesian doubt. Hume calls this mitigated skepticism. Another species of mitigated skepticism which may be of advantage to man-kindÂ… is the limitation of our enquiries to such subjects as are best adapted to the narrow capacity of human understanding (Section XII part. 3). We should direct our focus and studies to experiences of everyday life and to common occurrences. Extraordinary or remote ideas and thoughts shou ld be left to the imaginations of people of the arts. By looking at the natural powers of the mind one can find what should be the objects of enquiry and study. Hume writes that are two enquiries that manShow MoreRelatedDescartes and Hume: A Look at Skepticism and Finding Stability915 Words   |  4 PagesRenà © Descartes was a skeptic, and thus he believed that in order for something to be considered a true piece of knowledge, that â€Å"knowledge must have a certain stability,† (Cottingham 21). In his work, Meditations on First Philosophy, Descartes concludes that in order to achieve this stability, he must start at the foundations for all of his opinions and find the basis of doubt in each of them. David Hume, however, holds a different position on skepticism in his work An Enquiry concerning Human UnderstandingRead More Descartes And Hume Essay545 Words   |  3 Pagesteachers such as Aristotle and Plato, and through skepticism the modern world began. The French philos opher, Renà © Descartes who implemented reason to find truth, as well as the British empiricist David Hume with his usage of analytic-synthetic distinction, most effectively utilized the practices of skepticism in the modern world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Renà © Descartes was the first philosopher to introduce the intellectual system known as â€Å"radical doubt.† According to Descartes, everything he had learned before could haveRead MoreRationalism Vs Empiricism : Rationalism Versus Empiricism1385 Words   |  6 PagesDavid Hume. Empiricism states that our knowledge should come from sensory experience, impressions, and observation. The other philosophical view I will be taking about is called Rationalism. Many people who don’t agree with empiricism lean more towards Rationalism. Rationalism was made famous by a philosopher that goes by the name of Rene Descartes, and Rationalism says that knowledge should come from reasoning. empiricism, and rationalism are both interesting topics, but in my opinion Descartes rationalistRead MoreThe Philosophical View Of Empiricism1382 Words   |  6 PagesDavid Hume. Empiricism states that our knowledge should come from sensory experience, impressions, and obser vation. The other philosophical view I will be taking about is called Rationalism. Many people who don’t agree with empiricism lean more towards Rationalism. Rationalism was made famous by a philosopher that goes by the name of Rene Descartes, and Rationalism says that knowledge should come from reasoning. empiricism, and rationalism are both interesting topics, but in my opinion Descartes rationalistRead MoreDavid Hume Essay1210 Words   |  5 PagesDavid Hume Hume, David, 1711-76, Scottish philosopher and historian. Hume carried the empiricism of John Locke and George Berkeley to the logical extreme of radical skepticism. He repudiated the possibility of certain knowledge, finding in the mind nothing but a series of sensations, and held that cause-and-effect in the natural world derives solely from the conjunction ofRead MoreAn Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding By David Hume914 Words   |  4 PagesDavid Hume, the Scottish empiricism philosopher who endorses on all knowledge is obtained from sense-experience and he practices moderate skepticism for his entire academic life. Hume’s moderate skepticism refers to abduction today in which it means inference to the best explanation. To it another way, he means credible belief is possible and genuine knowledge could be inaccurate. In the â€Å"section IV- Sceptical Doubts concerning the Operation of the Understanding† part two of the book â€Å"An EnquiryRead MorePersonal Identity : David Hume1133 Words   |  5 PagesDavid Hume dedicated a portion of his philosophy in the attempts to finally put what he saw as a fallacious claim concerning the soul to rest. In the skeptical wake of Hume, German idealist, beginning with Immanuel Kant, were left with a variety of epistemic and metaphysical problems, the least of which was personal identity. David Hume was a Scottish empiricist who became renowned as a philosopher for his metaphysical skepticism and his account of the mind. Born in the 18th century, Hume followsRead MoreSkepticism On The Search For The Truth Of Our Knowledge1936 Words   |  8 Pages Skepticism in the Search for the Truth of Our Knowledge How many times have you said, â€Å"No way, I do not believe it!† It is our natural tendency not to believe in something that we have not seen with our own eyes or experienced it personally. There is a saying, â€Å"seeing is believing† which has led us to a world full of skeptics. We want proof so we are not gullible fools. Skepticism, or scepticism, as it was spelled back in the ancient times, was pondered by philosophers who tried unsuccessfullyRead MoreDavid Hume s Bundle 1041 Words   |  5 PagesHume’s ‘bundle’ (written as a reply to Descartes) The silhouette of a subject was drawn by a council of moments and David Hume named it an illusion, humanity named it the self. In the modern ages of philosophy while Rene Descartes’ affect still remains eminent, David Hume comes with an argument which kills the I Descartes created and lets it fly as a ghost in human perception. Not only in the case of the subject, the contrast between Hume’s and Descartes’ ideas can be seen in their search for aRead MoreInternational Relations ( Ir )983 Words   |  4 PagesInternational relations (IR) is one of the fascinating fields of political science that different ancient and modern philosophers have written about. When reading for David Hume or Renà © Descartes, I have found many ideas that could be applicable to global politics and the relations between states. Even though these ideas might not be aligned with Hume or Descartes’s individual political philosophies, they are worth applying to the current global po litical system. The first idea is Descartes’s doubting of everything

Book Review Inferno - 1595 Words

Monica Paultre Professor Christensen October 27, 2014 Research Paper Inferno As humans evolve, so do their stories. In every country, culture, and race, tales as old as time itself continue to pass on throughout generations. With multitudes of stories that deform within translations, certain stories may win over the hearts of readers worldwide and never lose its tale. Reasons may include the intriguing title, history of the work, attention to detail in symbolism and emotions, controversy in the plot, or all of the above. Born in Florence dating back to 1265, Dante Alighieri, not only the author, but also the protagonist, undergoes an epic adventure through the treacherous pits of Hell. Due to its outdated language from 13th and 14th†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"As little flowers, which the chill of night has bent and huddled, when the white sun strikes, grow straight and open fully on their stems, so did I, too, with my exhausted force.† (Dante Alighieri, Inferno). Readers develop more in depth interest of the storyline due to the to these emoti ons of loss and love, along with the sacrifice and determination. Each level of Hell contains a punishment for every act of sin from the most innocent to the most gruesome. With every intention to escape from the inferno, the ironic solution to paradise lies within experiencing the depths of the pit. Dating back to the 13th and 14th century, Christianity takes a great part in the beliefs and practices involving the fear of punishment for sins. Common issues currently remain relevant because the struggle between good and evil endlessly battles amongst one another. Thrill seekers enjoy the novel, embracing the worst fears of hell and expressing Inferno in various music, video games, stories, and art. With modern media advertising the book, more readers take interest into the story in inspiration of what lies within Dante’s fate. In 1306, the Divine Comedy composes of Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso, laying out the basic structure of Christianity’s belief on life after death. Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise, other known as Heaven, taking the most fearful punishments,

Training Needs Assessment Paper Free Essays

Training Needs Assessment for Chicago Transit Authority By Tammi Adams Table of Contents Executive Summary___________________________________________________ 3 Background of CTA___________________________________________________ 4 Needs Assessment Design, Implementation and Analysis_____________________5 Recommended Training Strategy and Design______________________________6 Cost/Benefit Analysis__________________________________________________ 8 Training Evaluation Plan_______________________________________________9 References___________________________________________________________10 Executive Summary We here at CTA are committed to providing quality and safe service to our customers which is why we are committed in making sure that all qualified individuals are trained to the highest standard. This training needs assessment is focused on the bus operators of the CTA since they are the public face of the agency. Before any training can begin individuals have to go through series of test to see if a individual is qualified. We will write a custom essay sample on Training Needs Assessment Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Once a person is qualified and hired they will start a 4 week training class with qualified CTA instructors. This 4 week training class will consist of classroom work and on- the- road techniques. Once the training has ended the trainee will take a 100 question exam to see how much they have learned though out the training course. In order to the successfully pass the training course the trainee will have to pass at least 80% of the exam. If a trainee has failed to pass the exam they will be given a second chance, but if they fail again, potential employment at CTA will be terminated. After a trainee has successfully passed the training course they will be known as a professional bus operator and will start working on their own. Once the bus operator starts working an instructor will come out at random to observe them to see if all rules and procedures are being followed. CTA has decided that every 2 years all bus operators will have to take a recertification class to refresh their skills and learn new ones. Background of CTA The CTA is the nation’s second largest public transportation system which covers the City of Chicago and 40 of its surrounding suburbs. The CTA is provided by their modes which are the bus and rail service while the bus service is the public face of the agency. On a average CTA provides over 1. 4 million rides which accounts for 80% of all taken in the six county Chicago metropolitan region. CTA operates 24 hours each day on an average weekday. It has approximately 1,800 buses which operates 140 routes. Buses provide about one million passenger trips a day and serve more than 12,000 posted bus stops. The Chicago Transit Authority’s 1,190 train cars operates eight routes, i ts trains provide about 650,000 customer trips each day and serve 144 stations in Chicago. CTA’s mission is to deliver quality, affordable transit services that link, commuters, jobs, and communities. CTA has many values but the most important one is providing transit service with the highest standards of quality and safety for our customers. Another value is that they focus on getting the job done and will derive personal satisfaction from the service they provide. With this being said while providing quality service it is important that CTA has dedicated and skillfully trained employees. It is important for the employees to be aware of all procedures so they can provide service with high standards. The specific position at CTA I will be discussing is the position of Bus Operators. At CTA, bus operators are the face of the agency which is why it is important for them to ensure CTA’s goal of providing quality and safe service to its customers. Bus operators are the ones who operate bus transportation over a route adhering to a schedule in a safe efficient and polite manner to allow passengers to board travel and alight at scheduled stops. Needs Assessment Design, Implementation and Analysis At CTA safety is its number 1 priority, with this being said training definitely supports the company strategic direction. It is important that everyone who operates a bus knows how to operate it safely, know the rules of the road, what to do in case of an accident and knows all of CTA procedures. With the proper training CTA can reduce the number of accidents it has had throughout the years and offer its customers the best transit service. CTA has decided that all training will be done in-house and that all training be conducted by CTA certified Instructors. All instructors are former CTA bus operators who have been bus operators for over 10 years and have a clean driving record. The duties of a bus operator are navigating the bus through an assigned route, manages the collection of bus fares, provides customer service to its passengers, report conditions that could jeopardize the safety of the passenger or other members of the public and maintains contact with dispatch and reports current position and conditions affecting the operation of the route as required and assists in loading, securing, and unloading wheelchairs and passengers. Before anyone can start training with CTA there are a few qualifications they must have. They first must pass a personality test. The reason being is to determine what kind of person you are and how you would handle certain situations that may arise while you are operating your bus. Before training can begin all trainees must possess a high school diploma and have basic skills such as writing, communication and reading. Bus operators must be able to communicate with its passengers in a professional manner and along with being able to read road signs. Before trainees start training sessions they will have to possess a clean driving record and a valid class B Commercial Driver’s License with an unrestricted passenger endorsement. Recommended Training Strategy and Design The training will include classroom work, and on-the road training techniques to ensure that all employees will be prepared for being able to work on their own. The classroom session will consist of learning the operation of a public bus which will include familiarization with all safety features and its system. It will also include learning traffic rules, regulations and laws, learn the fare structure, and learn how to read schedules. Included will also be topics such as how to provide first aid assistance in the event of an accident; promoting transit rider-ship within the Municipality and how to maintain a working relationship that is professional with your coworkers, superiors and passengers. The on-the-road training techniques will consist of how to operate a bus in a safe, efficient and timely manner to comply with all regulatory requirements and all standards. Some of the techniques that will be learned is how to make a right and left turn, how to curb the bus and learning how to change lanes. Training will also include how to operate and utilize standard safety equipment that is installed in transit passenger vehicles, including; safety harnesses, restraints and other equipment that is required by state and federal regulations. Once this has been established the trainee will team up with a bus line instructor to learn various routes and they will also see how it is to drive in service with passengers. During this time the bus line instructor will observe the trainee’s driving, collecting pay fares and also how they are dealing with passengers that aboard the bus. All training at CTA consists of 4 weeks, Mon thru Fri 8 hours a day: 2 weeks of classroom work, 1 week of on-the-road training and 1 week of driving with a bus operator to learn all of the routes. Once the trainee has completed these 4 weeks of training they will be required to take a 100 question test on everything that has been learned throughout the training course. In order to pass the training the trainee will be required to pass 80% of the test. If a trainee does not pass at least 80% of the test they will have one- on-one training with an instructor for 1 week on topics that they are struggling with. After extensive training another test will be given and the trainee must pass this test or else they will not be hired for employment with CTA. Direct Cost| Cost/Benefit Analysis| In-house instructors (20 days@ $480)| $9,600 | Materials ($40 *20 trainees)| $800 | | | | | Compensation for Trainees| | Trainees salaries| $32,000 | | | Total training cost| $42,400 | | | Cost per trainee| $2,120 | Training Evaluation Plan After the trainee has passed all tests and has started working on their own, an instructor will ride with the operator and observed them to see if all rules are being followed properly. Not only will instructors ride with new operators, they will further ride with all operators at random to see if they are following all rules and procedures of the company. CTA will also hire spotters who will go out and observe operators to see if procedures are being handled properly and if procedures are not followed the spotter will report the operator to CTA officials. Another thing that CTA does to ensure that training is followed effectively is that once a new bus operator has started they will be evaluated every month for a year to see if there have been any violations or accidents. In addition CTA will also provide on-going education services (recertification class) so that employees may continue to refresh existing qualifications and obtain new skills. This type of training will be given to all employees every two years. A retraining class will also be given to an operator if they have been involved in an accident by which it was their fault. This type of training will consist of what might have been done to avoid the accident along with going over necessary techniques. This training can range from 1 to 5 days depending on how serious the accident was. A test will also be given following retraining to insure the operator has a thorough understanding of what they have learned and how they can avoid being involved in another accident. CTA must stay committed in making sure that all operators are following proper procedures throughout training evaluation to ensure they are committed to their goal which is provide necessary transit service with the highest standards of quality and safety for its customers. References Chicago Transit Authority. (2011, June 17). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved , from http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Chicago_Transit_Authority;oldid=434808174 Chicago Transit Authority. (2011,June 15). CTA Overview. Retrieved from http://www. transitchicago. com/about/overview. aspx Mass Transit. (2011,June 9) Managers Forum. Retrieved from http://www. masstransitmag. com/article/10220533/managers-forum How to cite Training Needs Assessment Paper, Essay examples

Motivational Theories-Click to Get Free Sample Solution

Question: Assessment Tasks: Employees who are adequately motivated to perform will be more productive, more engaged and feel more invested in their work. When employees feel these things, it helps them, and therefore their managers, be more successful. It is a managers job to motivate employees to do their jobs well! Lawrie Mullins. It is a widely accepted notion that motivation is a primary driver of behavior. Human motivation theory describes motivation as effectively laden anticipations of desired situations that guide human behaviours toward these situations. McClelland, 1985. There are a number of key motivational theorists (as discussed in lectures). You are required to prepare a report for submission in week 8. The report should include the following factors:1. A discussion of four motivational theorists of your choice. 2. An assessment of the techniques used to implement each of these theories to a real life organization of your choice. 3. Demonstrate and determine the effectiveness o f the implementation of these theories at these organizations.(this could include the implementation of any of the elements below: Discuss the degree to which the company has managed to achieve set targeted outcomes through the implementation of the motivational theory. The degree to which the company has improved its business performance in terms of market share, sales volume, profitability, customer satisfaction. The increase of employee satisfaction. The decrease of employee turnover.4. Prepare a range of recommendations as to how the implementation of these techniques could be improved in the future at your chosen organization. Answers: Introduction Motivation is the process which leads, instigates and helps to uphold behaviors for achieving a particular goal. Motivation involves the cognitive, social, biological and emotional forces that make a person to behave in a positive manner. Today motivation has become an integral part of every human being due to increasing challenges and stress that affects the heath of a person. Every organization needs to motivate their employees.. The study focuses on four theories of motivation and their pragmatic application in organizations. It would depict that how motivation in a company helps their employees to be more productive in their performance thus contributing to the successful operation of a company. There are thirty-eight theories in motivation that helps us to understand how motivation works and to what extent they help in increasing the productivity. 1. Four Motivational Theories: Herzberg (1984) This theory is also known as two factor theory proposed by Fredrick Herzberg a renowned psychologist. He interacted with employees of an organization in order to know the level of satisfaction and through their responses he proposed the Hygiene theory (Hughes, Kapoor and Pride, 2013). In his research he found that certain features of a job are related consistently to the satisfaction of a job. There are various factors that contribute to the satisfaction and dissatisfaction of a job. They are as shown in the table below:- Table 1.1: Hygiene factors. Factors determining satisfaction Factors determining dissatisfaction Responsibility Relationship with peers and supervisors The nature of work Condition in workplace growth status achievement security Recognition salary Advancement Company policies These two factors are the motivating and demotivating factors that the management should keep in mind so as to increase the efficiency level. But there are certain advantages and disadvantages of this theory. Advantages: The advantage of this theory is that it provides a clear vision of the reasons of dissatisfaction and satisfaction of employees. With the help of this theory a company can make effort for motivating their employees like trying to establish a good relationship among every member of the organization (Dessler and Varkkey, 2011). Disadvantages: There are certain limitations to this theory they are: The theory tends to overlook variables which are situational. The research stressed on satisfaction more than productivity. The raters of this theory can spoil the research by analyzing same answers in a different method. Sometimes too much of responsibility turns out to be stressful so it may lead to job dissatisfaction. This theory is more of an abstract and bias view it does not clearly define what negative outcomes it may have due to job dissatisfaction. Taylor (1911): The theory proposed by Taylor had a simple idea about how much people are motivate din their work and the money they receive. This theory is also known as theory of scientific management. There were basically three assumptions: Humans are economic rational who tries to maximize their economic gain. People respond individually Human can be treated in standardized fashion. The implications of the theory for the behavior at work were: Linked to output, high wages are main form of motivation The function of a manager is to instruct employees about their job Workers should do according to the instructions Through this theory Taylor explained the fact that one who delivers more than expected target should be paid more than one who delivers less than expected target. This theory also has its advantages and disadvantages, they are: The advantage is that with a temptation of higher wage worker would get a self-instigation for working hard and increase their work within time. A good salary provides the basic necessity along with extra benefits so it depends upon the choice of the employees. This form of motivation is not a forceful action by the organization it depends on the willingness of the workers (Schermerhorn, 2010). Disadvantages: This theory encourages unethical practices and many other forms of mismanagement. They are: Labor exploitation Problem of unity of command where the worker has to report to one boss and cannot consult others or other boss wont be able to interfere. This approach was more mechanical based and did not focus on the marginal productivity of labor. This theory is made on individual basis but as a whole it is not effective. This theory highlights the division from planning to doing, but in reality they cannot be separated. Maslow (1943) This theory proposed by Abraham Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs which states that people tends to meet their basic requirements and tends to move upward following the pyramid of basic needs. It can be explained with the help of the pyramid: Figure 1: Maslows hierarchy model Self-actualization: this includes problem solving, morality and creativity. Esteem: this includes respect, self-esteem, confidence and achievement. Belongings: it comprises of intimacy, love, family and friendship. Safety: It includes security related to resources, health, property, employment and environment. Physiological: this factor comprises of food, water, sleep, shelter, air without which humans cannot survive. Advantages of the theory: This theory gives an overview of the human needs which can be used for understanding the employees wants and needs. If the basic needs are not satisfied one cannot go to the higher needs of the employees. This also helps to understand the requirement of the employee on where he stands (Liem, McInerney and Walker, 2011). Disadvantages of the theory: The theory lacks the extrinsic needs of the individuals. It becomes difficult to identify the need level for the management. The theory is not supported on empirical basis because of certain inconsistencies. The basic needs may not require for satisfaction in order to acknowledge the hierarchys higher needs. Mayo (1933) What Elton Mayo proposed in his theory is that there were basically three factor that motivates an employee, they are: The conditions of work. The workers skills The incentives provided in their work. This theory also examined the workers social needs. He instilled on the fact that pay is not the only motivational factor for an employee (Lussier, 2011). He emphasized on the fact that the social needs should also be considered for the workers and workers should be given care. Mayo conducted a series of experiments inside the factory of Hawthorne where he isolated two groups of female workers and observed the effect on the levels of productivity of factors which are changing like working conditions (Reviews, 2014). Through his experiment he found that Workers get motivated through better communication, especially between employees and managers. With greater extent of involvement of the managers workers positively responded on their level of attention. Workers also got motivated while working in a unified form. In a group they were more involved than at individual tasks. Advantages: Clear identification of the workers concern. In a long term basis and sustainable basis it helps in solving the issued related to productivity if it is conducted accurately and properly. The working situation assessment is operated consistently that helps the management to carry out envisioning of long term. Disadvantages: The theory makes it difficult to comprehend the significant working environment characteristics because some are intrinsic like dynamics of the organization. The relation of the factors is not clearly stated. Apart from communication, teamwork and management attention other factors like the management structure, work culture and work environment also motivates the workers. The theory does not highlight on the productivity at individual basis. 2. Assessment of Hertzberg theory in Herzberg theory in Melbourne IT company. Melbourne IT Company is one of the leading companies charted in the top ranks of Security exchange of Australia (Melbourneit.info, 2015). The major services of this company are web hosting VPS web design and email hosting. Their employees are highly qualified and follow a daily disciplinary routine for their work (Sutton, 2014). The value of Melbourne IT is their Behaviors which administers the way their employees behave to guarantee success for their customers and their company (McFarlin and Sweeney, 2012). Techniques implemented: A group of thirty people were asked questions based on their motivational and engagement level in the company and the procedure was divided into two. Interview and survey basis: The interviews were done on a personal basis on the managers and the employees so as to understand the degree of motivation they have or they receives. Not all the employees and managers could provide sufficient time for interview so the technique of collecting information was divided on interview basis and survey basis. Five managers were interviewed and twenty-five employees were surveyed. Aim of the research: To review the role of promotional motivation like appraisal or appreciation in the company. To understand the demotivating factor of condition of workplace To understand how company policies are motivating or demotivating to their employees. Findings: The findings were analysed on Liker scale basis: Table 1.2: the survey results out of 30 people. Question Strongly disagree disagree Neutral agree Strongly agree The appraisals are motivating 8 5 3 10 4 The relationship between colleagues are good - - 5 10 15 The company policies are demotivating 10 2 9 3 6 Supervisors are motivating 6 - 10 4 10 The job itself is motivating 6 2 - 12 10 The pay scale is satisfactory? 9 10 1 3 7 Findings: The Herzberg theory applied here were found that, The appraisal policies or the recognition criteria of the employees were found to be a factor of dissatisfaction rather than satisfaction. The relationship with peers and subordinates were satisfactory The policies of the company is not a factor of demotivation because the policies were not restricted to a great extent, rather it provided a better work environment. The job itself does is not giving a sense of satisfaction to the employees The salary offered is not satisfactory. Presently the company has improved its motivational factors in which the performance of the company has contributed in the increase of its share. In order to motivate their employees the company has made the training and development budget equally availed to all the employees. They have aimed to remunerate their members responsibly and fairly with increasing their fixed salary (Nelson and Quick, 2012). After applying the motivational factors in change in management and salary the employees turned out to be more productive and finally it achieved to be the leading company in the ASX largest share. This has not only resulted in increased employee satisfaction but also a decrease of employee turnover by creative employee benefits (Kim, 2013). 3. Application of Taylors motivational theory in David Jones: The David Jones is an early operating departmental stores also known as DJs, in majority states of Australia, it has around 39 stores. According to the motivational theory of Taylor, David Jones pays their employees on hourly basis for their part-time and full time employees. David Jones is currently David Jones pay 12% above the market (Limited, 2015). The incentive scheme is also attractive because it is directly linked to team and individual performance of the employees. thus they have flexible salaries. As a result of this strategy many employees are opting to do their job in this company. The customer satisfaction of service has also increased which turned out to have a total net profit of around A$1.85 billion during 2013. Theory 3: Maslow hierarchy model and Woolworth limited: It is a leading retail company operating in New Zealand and Australia. It is also one of the largest food retail stores in Australia. Maslows theory stated the hierarchy of needs of an employee according to their needs (Lee, Yong-Seung, 2010). In this concept Woolworth has considered the employee motivational factors and provided certain benefits which contribute to their success. But the Woolworths limited had provided employee benefits like: Association of employees, this serves to the belong needs of an employee. Discount card for staffs comes under the extra benefits. Purchase plan of shares for their employees is a kind of job security. Leave for parental purpose also comes under belonging needs that the company has taken care of. Employee assistance program is a self esteem need satisfying criteria Reward and recognition is also a self esteem need it also comes under self actualization needs of employees. Long term incentives this is a safety need that the employees get. These factors motivate the employees for better productivity especially the plan of long term incentive. Employee satisfaction: The employees productivity is not only of a good quality but also is very innovative. According to Woolworth sustainability also means keeping the priority of employees. Around 50,000 people are located in rural regions which show the work diversity amongst them. The sales have increased from 3.9 percent to 5.9 percent in 2014 (Woolworthslimited.com.au, 2015). The company also won back to back awards for customer satisfaction in 2013 (Woolworthslimited.com.au, 2015). This has also led to a decrease in the employee turnover in the following year. Following Taylors theory the incentive planning would have been the sole factor for employee motivation but in reality there are multiple factor that made Woolworth limited a good example for work motivational practices (Zoogah, 2013). Theory 4: Mayo and Myers: Elton Mayo proposed that employees get motivated through Better communication, team work and employers involvement. This theory is applied in Myer an Australian department chain of stores. The number of employees involved is more than nineteen thousand and the customer service has been one of the important features of Myers (Nasser and Saadeh, 2013). Myer believes in team work and understands the importance of communication in organizational hierarchy and the management also guides their employees which establishes the example of a good leadership practice. Not only communication is considered important inside the organization but the communication with customers is also an integral part of the organization. Myer assures its employees, A smooth running of operational communication between the employer and employees and also in between employees. They emphasizes on team work and development and training needs. They had maintained an informal relationship in between the hierarchy of the organization. The leadership style followed here is democratic and so workers get enough scope to take guidance from their managers. The employee satisfaction level is high and it can be seen from the low turnover ratio of MYER. Apart from that Myers has got some loyal customers which stated the level of customer satisfaction also. Presently the company=y is earning a revenue of A$3.14 billion. 4. Recommendations: The four companies though have good motivational effects on their employees following the theories of motivation yet some companies need to provide extra benefits except from that of their salaries. Motivation is of course a factor of increasing the productivity of workers we have already understood that motivation is not necessarily verbal motivation. There are certain recommendations that need to be inserted by these companies, they are: The companies need to provide satisfaction in terms of break, none of the theorists has suggested the importance of having a break from work. The companies should not focus only on providing incentives because after a certain time if an employee fails to earn his incentive it then he feels demotivated. The basic needs definitely need to be emphasized on but they are not applicable in this generation of high Pay scale. Now the standard of life has increased. Conclusion: The theories discussed in this study are based on the twentieth century and the work condition differs from that of todays work condition. Even the competition between companies has also increased. So it has become a compulsory factor that employees need to be productive as well as efficient. Motivation is what controls maintain and energizes behavior. So far it is clear why motivation plays a vital role in the workplace. But measuring empirically the role is is challenging in order to capture an individual's drive in metrics of quantitative so as to determine the amount to which elevated motivation is accountable for higherproductivity. References 1. Dessler, G. (2010). Dessler.. Addison Wesley Longman Ltd.2. Dessler, G. and Varkkey, B. (2011). Human Resource Management. Delhi: Pearson.3. French, R. and Schermerhorn, J. (2008). Organizational behaviour. Chichester: John Wiley Sons.4. Hughes, R., Kapoor, J. and Pride, W. (2013). Business foundations. Mason, Ohio: South-Western.5. Jansen, A. and Samuel, M. (2014). Achievement of Organisational Goals and Motivation of Middle Level Managers within the Context of the Two-Factor Theory. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences.6. Kim, M. (2013). Handbook of Moral Motivation: Theories, Models, Applications. AJTE, 39(1).7. Lee, Yong-Seung, (2010). Theories of Motivation in Psychoanalysis.  , null(36), pp.153-177.8. Liem, G., McInerney, D. and Walker, R. (2011). Sociocultural theories of learning and motivation. Charlotte, N.C.: Information Age Pub.9. Limited, D. (2015). David Jones Limited Employer Wages, Hourly Wage Rate | PayScale Australia. [online] Payscale.com. Available at: https://www.payscale.com/research/AU/Employer=David_Jones_Limited/Hourly_Rate [Accessed 26 Mar. 2015].10. Lussier, P. (2011). Management Fundamentals: Concepts, Applications, Skill Development. 5th ed. CENGAGE Learning Custom Publishing, p.581.11. McFarlin, D. and Sweeney, P. (2012). International organizational behavior. London: Routledge.12. Melbourneit.info, (2015). Melbourne IT - Company Overview. [online] Available at: https://melbourneit.info/about-us/company-overview [Accessed 26 Mar. 2015].13. Moore, R. and Johnston, R. (2013). Motivational Incentives Improve Unfamiliar Face Matching Accuracy. Appl. Cognit. Psychol., 27(6), pp.754-760.14. Nasser, R. and Saadeh, B. (2013). Motivation for Achievement and Structural Workplace Empowerment among Palestinian Healthcare Professionals. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 12(5-6), pp.543-560.15. Nelson, D. and Quick, J. (2012). Organizational behavior. Mason, Ohio: South-Western.16. Reviews, C. (2014). Studyguide for m anagement fundamentals. [S.l.]: Academic Internet Publish.17. Schermerhorn, J. (2010). Management. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley.18. Sutton, A. (2014). work psychology in action. Palgrave Macmillan, p.260.19. Woolworthslimited.com.au, (2014). Home Timber Hardware back-to-back winners of customer satisfaction award - Woolworths Limited. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/page/The_Newsroom/Latest_News/Home_Timber__Hardware_back_-to-back_winners_of_customer_satisfaction_award/ [Accessed 26 Mar. 2015].20. Woolworthslimited.com.au, (2015). Chairmans Report. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/annualreport/2014/chairmans-report.html [Accessed 26 Mar. 2015].21. Zoogah, D. (2013). Career Motivation, Mentoring Readiness, and Participation in Workplace Mentoring Programs: A Cross-Cultural Study. Journal of African Business, 14(1), pp.19-32.

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Systemic administration of drugs leads to therapeutic concentrations at the site of infection, but for short periods of time, forcing repeated dosing for longer periods. Local delivery of antimicrobials has been investigat ed for the possibility of overcoming the limitations of conventional therapy. The use of sustained release formulations to deliver antibacterials to the site of infection (periodontal pocket) is gaining interest. These products provide a long-term, effective treatment at the site of infection at much smaller doses. (Kaplish et al. 2013) Formulation and development of a gel based topical dosage form for antimicrobial drug will be proved to be worthwhile like ability to deliver drug more selectively to a specific site, avoidance of gastro-intestinal incompatibility, providing utilization of drugs with short biological half-life, improving physiological and pharmacological response and provide suitability for self medication. 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Microparticles /Microspheres These are controlled release drug delivery system which comprises of drug-containing microparticles or microspheres, between 10 and 500 microns in size, suspended in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier medium, and are capable of maintaining an effective level of drug in the periodontal pocket for a period of one to thirty days. They are spherical free flowing particles consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers. Non-biodegradable as well as biodegradable materials have been investigated for the preparation of microspheres. There are two types of microspheres; a) Microcapsules. b) Micromatrices. In microcapsules entrapped substance is distinctly surrounded by distinct capsule wall and in micromatrices entrapped substance is dispersing throughout the microspheres matrix. Solid biodegradable microspheres incorporating a drug dispersed or dissolved through particle matrix have the potential for the controlled release of drug. They are made from polymeric, waxy, or other protective materials (i.e. biodegradable synthetic polymers and modified natural products). (Chaudhari et al. 2010) Advantages of microspheres Constant and prolonged therapeutic effect. Reduction in dosing frequency and thereby improve the patient compliance. They could be injected into the body due to the spherical shape and smaller size. Better drug utilization will improve the bioavailability and reduce the incidence or intensity of adverse effects. Microsphere morphology allows a controllable variability in degradation and drug release.

History of Alicia Bohol Philippines Essay

Those men do not learn very much from the lessons of history is the most important of all the lessons of history. Aldous Huxley In the early part of the 19th century the town of Alicia, formerly known as Batuanan, was one of the three (3) biggest and oldest towns of Bohol along with Catigbian and Balilihan. It was a thriving trading center shortly after the Dagohoy Rebellion (1744 – 1829). The town of Batuanan, however, was formally established in June 1860 by virtue of a decree signed by the Spanish Governor General Livarez. There are two versions as to how the place came to be called Batuanan. One version stated that the place was a â€Å" Batuganan† meaning perch or lookout of the warriors of Dagohoy guarding against invading Spanish and pirates. From then on, the place was called Batuanan derived the word â€Å" Batuganan†. The second version is that Batuan trees bearing tomato-shaped fruits were abundant in the locality. This prompted the Spanish soldiers who were then conducting mopping-out operations against Dagohoy’s men to call the place Batuanan. Close to the end of Spanish regime in the country, two (2) high ranking officers were ambushed in the outskirts of the town. This incident prompted the Spanish officers to burn the whole Poblacion in retaliation. Again, in the early American regime, an American soldier was killed in another ambuscade, which brought about another scourge upon the town. This time the American soldiers burned all the structures to the ground, thus, resulting to the transfer of the seat of government to barrio Libas which is now the Poblacion of the Municipality of Mabini. This continued until 1903 when the Philippines Commission passed Commonwealth Act. No. 968 formally creating the Municipality of Mabini, wherein Batuanan became only a barrio thereof. However, after the span of few years, the people of Batuanan started agitating for the restoration of its status into a municipality. Towards  that end, they succeeded in having elected two (2) Mayors, namely: Dulcisimo Ayuban and Cipriano G. Aton. Also elected were two (2) Vice-Mayors, namely: Buenaventura Asas and Segunda Duetes and several councilors, among them were Victor Doydora, Dionisio Muring, Anastacio Curit, Pedro Huiso and Gaudencio Gumop-as. These officials paved the way for a concerted effort to secede from the town of mabini. It was not until 1949 when the real break came. Pedro Huiso and Cipriano Aton, together with some prominent leaders of Batuanan, through the help Governor Jacinto Borja sought an audience with President Elpidio Quirino, then seeking reelection, lobbying to create Batuanan into a municipality with a pledge that the people thereat will deliver a solid vote for the liberal Party candidates in the 1949 national elections. Thus, President Elpidio Quirino, during his stopover in Dumaguete from Tagbilaran, Bohol on September 16, 1949 issued Executive Order No. 265 creating Batuanan into an independent municipality to be known as Alicia, in honor of his wife, Doà ±a Alicia Syquia Quirino. On January 18, 1950 the municipality of Alicia, Bohol was formally inaugurated with its first appointed officials, namely: Mayor Pedro Huiso, Vice – Mayor Anastacio Curit, and Councilors Perpetua Talili, Gaudencio Gumop-as, Eladio Iyoy, Buenaventura Asas, Benito Licayan and Arsenio Ayuban. From then on, the town elected 9 mayors who succeded Pedro Huiso (1950-55), namely: Exequiel Madrià ±an Sr., Leoncio Garcia (1956- 59), Jesus Madrià ±an (1960-80), Dominador Molina (1980 – 1987), Exequiel Madrià ±an Jr.( 1988 – 1995), Basilio H. Balahay Jr. (1995 – 2001), Bienvenido C. Molina Jr., MD ( 2001 – 2007), Pedro B. Miasco ( 2007 – 2010), Marnilou S. Ayuban (2010 – present).

The Advent of the Renaissance

To what extent is the term â€Å"Renaissance† a valid concept for a distinct period in early modern European history? Prior to the 14th century, the Middle Ages revolved around the basic understanding of the Bible. Middle to lower class citizens relied heavily on the teachings of the priest's and blindly followed their ways of living. The church discouraged any new concepts and believed that life on Earth was simply a preparation for the after life.The Renaissance, ranging from the 14th to 16th entries, became a distinct period in European history due to the increase in trade, influence of art and the artist, and the growing phenomenon of individual thinking, as this will lead to future exploration and economic advances. Italy, the epicenter of Renaissance culture, was able to advance their society through a growth in economic stability. As ships and trade routes began to advance technologically, the Italian merchant class also grew.Italian merchants and sailors would import g oods from all over Europe, such as wool from England, and ship them o other countries. The risks of such endeavors were high, but the end profit was even higher. This new industry not only stabilized the Italian economy, but it eventually led to the development of the Urban Nobility class, who strongly contributed to the Renaissance efforts. During the Renaissance, the influence of art and the artist grew extensively. Artists in the Middle Ages worked strictly on religious pieces for the church and many struggled to make a reasonable living.Art during the Renaissance was in high demand. Every rich and powerful family used works of art as a way to flaunt their wealth and demonstrate their lavish lifestyle. The technique of dark and light was added to show depth and dimension. Artists also began to use realism, painting more realistic faces and bodies, as this was a newly accepted style. Some of the highly influential Renaissance artists include Michelangelo, Leonardo dad Vinci, Rapha el, and Ghetto. Their works were not only revolutionary for their time, but they continue to be inspirations for the modern day artist.Through the invention of the printing press, revolutionary thinkers were able to communicate their theories to the mass population, an opportunity that was never accessible prior to the Renaissance. Three main proprietary concepts were developed in this time. The ideas of humanism, individualism, and secularism dominated the Renaissance culture like never before. Humanists emerged with a newfound interest in the classics. They studied these works in order to discover more about human nature.Individualists prioritize the potential of the human being. They believed that everyone should have to opportunity to be the best they can possibly be. Secularism was the basic concern with the material world, as opposed to the spiritual world. These ideas strongly opposed the teachings of the church, yet they continued to spread rapidly and strongly. Coming out o f a banal period in western culture, the Renaissance brought on countless revolutionary thinkers that worked to open the eyes of their peers and make an impact on society.The Renaissance was an explosion of revolutionary ideas that spread all across Europe. For the first time in centuries, artists, merchants, writers, and philosophers alike were able to express themselves in an amazing way. Many of the greatest minds that we often look back to for inspiration originated from the Renaissance era. Their ideas made a lasting impact on culture, then and now. The Renaissance would not have been such a distinct period if not for the combined efforts of every possible industry and art form.

Considerations in Casino Design Essay - 695 Words

Considerations in Casino Design â€Å" Architecture organizes and structures space for us, and its interiors and the objects enclosing and inhabiting its rooms can facilitate or inhibit our activities by the way they use this language†(Lawson pg.6). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Casinos are tough and competitive markets that strive to out do one another in promotions, amenities and overall design. A critical analysis of the considerations taken when designing a casino can be broken down into the theoretical forces of psychology, that include motivational, cognitive, perceptual and social influences. In this examination I will determine the aspects of design that should be taken into account to create a successful operation. â€Å" Casinos are†¦show more content†¦By providing them with twenty-four hour services and amenities, casino operators create a sensation for the patrons that the days spent in the casino feel as if you stepped out of normal time. â€Å"The geographic location of a casino is a huge consideration† (Lewis pg. 1). Demographics, travel patterns and nearby competition play a significant part in casino design. â€Å" Most people in North America live within a day’s drive of one or more gaming areas† (Lewis pg. 1), so in order to attract people to the casino there must be something other than the gaming floor to draw them in. Many amenity and non-gaming attractions must be considered in order to really stand out. The casino must design strong support facilities, a hotel that can accommodate as many players as it can afford, a parking system for the traveling patrons, non-gambling facilities for families and it must be an inviting space. In order for a casino to be successful they must establish their target audience. Based on the proximity of neighboring casinos and the owner’s intentions for their ideal gaming facility, the criteria can be ascertained and implemented for a certain theme. Many casinos have found that themed areas and designs are very successful and draw in target markets. 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